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Perhaps the greatest of the natural landmarks on the Oregon Trail would be Chimney Rock, near present day Bayard, Nebraska. This is truly an incredible sight, visible from quite a few miles away. It would have been even more impressive to the emigrants on the Trail for two reasons. First, after traversing a relatively flat terrain, Chimney Rock would have literally leapt right out, perhaps giving comfort that a wrong turn hadn't been taken earlier. And of course, since all movement was on foot, the travelers would have had quite a few days in a row to admire it while approaching the area (unlike too many highway travelers nowadays who zip right by without even noticing). Moreover, as impressive as Chimney Rock is today, a geologic study of 1895 suggests that the slender column above the cone might have been about three times higher than it is now; that's how tough erosion has been on this marvelous landmark over the past hundred years.

Some things never change, especially stupid human behavior. For example, think how many road signs you've seen defaced by gun blasts during hunting season. Well, some of the emigrants on the Oregon Trail were equally boorish, and took pot shots at the pinnacle "just for a lark." Hmmm...

Anyway, there are many drawings and paintings from the 1840's and 1850's still existing, and they do in fact show that the column proper looks quite a bit different than it does now. That's a lot of change in a very short period of time; I wonder what it'll look like in another hundred years?

Visiting Chimney Rock Today


Chimney Rock is located one-and-a-half miles south of State Road 92 on Chimney Rock Road. When I first saw it, back in 1994 or so, there was little more than a gravel parking lot from which you could spot the monolith. I'm happy to report that on my last trip here in 1999 I was surprised by a new interpretive center and museum. Chimney Rock itself is a National Historic Site, but the Nebraska State Historical Society maintains the visitor facilities. Apart from the great collection of maps, drawings and artifacts, the center also has a very nice walk-out observing patio.

When visiting, be sure to lay your hands on some booklets or brochures to learn more about the importance of Chimney Rock. My favorite one is by the erudite Merrill J. Mattes. (You'll see his name all over the place out here). This pamphlet is actually a reprint of an article "Chimney Rock on the Oregon Trail," which appeared in Nebraska History, Volume 27, Number 1, 1955. You can check out the links to Mattes and his booklet below.



Time for a Story: Leaving Chimney Rock


When it was finally time for us to say good-bye to Chimney Rock and move on to the Pawnee National Grassland, we took an unnamed gravel road south to Reddington. (Don't be surprised at this; a lot of roads in rural Nebraska are unnamed. Instead, a sign will say something like, "This way to Cheyenne County.") I can really recommend this route— one look at a topo map and you'll see why! The gravel road rises in elevation considerably, through some of the most beautiful grasses and geologic formations imaginable. You'll pass such features as Bedding Canyon, Roundhouse Rock and the Pumpkin Creek, before descending again to the sprinkling of houses called Reddington.

Anyway, it was a beautiful drive. As we began our descent, with a few twists and turns thrown in for good measure, we came across a cattle truck (filled with cattle, of course), tipped and stuck in a ditch off the side of the road. Ruts all over the place indicated that the driver had done his best to maneuver out of the situation. Looking into the far off horizon, I saw a spec of a person hoofing it down the road. So we continued on toward him.

When we pulled up, here was a short little, wiry rancher with bowed legs, outfitted in western working gear. I asked, "Are you okay — do you need a lift?" And he responded laconically, "I've walked this many miles before."

Well, actually, it was a pretty hot and dusty day, and obviously the only sign of civilization was a lone house some several miles away. But this guy was clearly used to doing everything himself, never relying on anyone for help. Despite this show of independence, I was pretty sure he would welcome a bit of respite from the blazing walk, so I said, "Well, we've got room, I'd be glad to give you a ride to the nearest house or town." He accepted.



Now came the logistics! When we travel, we gut the minivan of its benches. The back was stuffed with tents, sleeping bags, cook stoves, telescopes, books, etc. So, my travel partner worked her way on top of all this junk, freeing up the front seat for our rancher in distress. He seemed a little amazed, either at the quantity of stuff we had in the minivan, or at the fact that tourists would actually be out in this neck of the woods. But I need hardly mention that he was a taciturn one; I read the amazement in his body language only.


...a lot of roads in rural Nebraska are unnamed. Instead, a sign will say something like, "This way to Cheyenne County."


Speaking of bodies, when he got in, well, how can I say this diplomatically? Phew! It was pretty obvious this guy had been working hard with his cattle over the past several days, and hadn't been able to manage a shower yet!

Anyway, we got him to a house down the line, so I think he was able to rescue his stranded trailer and cows. We continued on to the Pawnee.

It was the most natural thing in the world to help out someone here in the boondocks of Nebraska. As I've mentioned before, I like these people, and this wiry little guy with his independent spirit was a real hoot. I felt like we had just met someone straight out of James Michener's Centennial. It would never dawn on me to pick up a vagabond or hitch hiker on my home turf — this was different.


Contact Information
Links to Related Resources

Chimney Rock National Historic Site
P.O. Box F
Bayard, NE 69334

Phone: (308) 586-2581
Email:  chimrock@scottsbluff.net





All photography by Thomas Henry unless otherwise noted.
Entire contents © 2001-2005 Thomas Henry